Eloquent Basics (CRUD)

Last modified on: September 4, 2025

<h1 data-start="120" data-end="156">⚡ Laravel Eloquent Basics (CRUD)</h1>
<p data-start="158" data-end="370">Laravel&rsquo;s <strong data-start="168" data-end="184">Eloquent ORM</strong> (Object Relational Mapper) is a powerful way to interact with databases using simple PHP syntax. Instead of writing raw SQL queries, you can use models to perform <strong data-start="348" data-end="367">CRUD operations</strong>:</p>
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<p data-start="374" data-end="390"><strong data-start="374" data-end="388">C &rarr; Create</strong></p>
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<p data-start="393" data-end="407"><strong data-start="393" data-end="405">R &rarr; Read</strong></p>
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<p data-start="410" data-end="426"><strong data-start="410" data-end="424">U &rarr; Update</strong></p>
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<p data-start="429" data-end="445"><strong data-start="429" data-end="443">D &rarr; Delete</strong></p>
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<h2 data-start="452" data-end="491">🔹 1. Setting Up an Eloquent Model</h2>
<p data-start="493" data-end="558">By default, each model corresponds to a table in your database.</p>
<p data-start="560" data-end="593">Example: Create a <code data-start="578" data-end="584">Post</code> model.</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>php artisan make:model Post -m</code></pre>
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<p data-start="639" data-end="654">This creates:</p>
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<p data-start="657" data-end="688"><code data-start="657" data-end="678">app/Models/Post.php</code> (Model)</p>
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<p data-start="691" data-end="760"><code data-start="691" data-end="746">database/migrations/xxxx_xx_xx_create_posts_table.php</code> (Migration)</p>
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<h3 data-start="762" data-end="785">Example Migration</h3>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>public function up(): void
{
    Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table-&gt;id();
        $table-&gt;string('title');
        $table-&gt;text('content');
        $table-&gt;timestamps();
    });
}</code></pre>
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<p data-start="1014" data-end="1034">Run the migration:</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>php artisan migrate</code></pre>
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<h2 data-start="1074" data-end="1105">🔹 2. Create Data (INSERT)</h2>
<p data-start="1107" data-end="1142">Using Eloquent to insert records:</p>
<h3 data-start="1144" data-end="1170">Method 1: <code data-start="1158" data-end="1168">create()</code></h3>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>Post::create([
    'title' =&gt; 'My First Post',
    'content' =&gt; 'This is the content of my first post.',
]);</code></pre>
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<p data-start="1293" data-end="1327">✅ Requires <code data-start="1304" data-end="1315">$fillable</code> in model:</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>class Post extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = ['title', 'content'];
}</code></pre>
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<h3 data-start="1423" data-end="1447">Method 2: <code data-start="1437" data-end="1445">save()</code></h3>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$post = new Post;
$post-&gt;title = 'Second Post';
$post-&gt;content = 'This is the second post.';
$post-&gt;save();</code></pre>
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<h2 data-start="1574" data-end="1603">🔹 3. Read Data (SELECT)</h2>
<h3 data-start="1605" data-end="1626">Get All Records</h3>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$posts = Post::all();</code></pre>
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<h3 data-start="1662" data-end="1678">Find by ID</h3>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$post = Post::find(1);</code></pre>
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<h3 data-start="1715" data-end="1736">Where Condition</h3>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$posts = Post::where('title', 'My First Post')-&gt;get();</code></pre>
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<h3 data-start="1805" data-end="1823">First Record</h3>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$post = Post::where('title', 'Second Post')-&gt;first();</code></pre>
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<h2 data-start="1896" data-end="1927">🔹 4. Update Data (UPDATE)</h2>
<h3 data-start="1929" data-end="1961">Method 1: Using <code data-start="1949" data-end="1959">update()</code></h3>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>Post::where('id', 1)-&gt;update(['title' =&gt; 'Updated Post Title']);</code></pre>
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<h3 data-start="2040" data-end="2076">Method 2: Using Model Instance</h3>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$post = Post::find(1);
$post-&gt;title = 'New Updated Title';
$post-&gt;save();</code></pre>
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<h2 data-start="2169" data-end="2200">🔹 5. Delete Data (DELETE)</h2>
<h3 data-start="2202" data-end="2234">Method 1: Using <code data-start="2222" data-end="2232">delete()</code></h3>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$post = Post::find(1);
$post-&gt;delete();</code></pre>
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<h3 data-start="2288" data-end="2315">Method 2: Mass Delete</h3>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>Post::destroy([2, 3]);</code></pre>
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<h2 data-start="2357" data-end="2396">🔹 6. Additional Eloquent Features</h2>
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<p data-start="2400" data-end="2477"><strong data-start="2400" data-end="2415">Timestamps:</strong> By default, Eloquent manages <code data-start="2445" data-end="2457">created_at</code> and <code data-start="2462" data-end="2474">updated_at</code>.</p>
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<p data-start="2480" data-end="2556"><strong data-start="2480" data-end="2497">Soft Deletes:</strong> You can enable soft deletes to avoid permanent deletion.</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;

class Post extends Model
{
    use SoftDeletes;
}</code></pre>
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<p data-start="2667" data-end="2686">Migration update:</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>$table-&gt;softDeletes();</code></pre>
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<h2 data-start="2728" data-end="2757">📌 Example CRUD Workflow</h2>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>// CREATE
Post::create(['title' =&gt; 'Hello World', 'content' =&gt; 'My first blog post']);

// READ
$posts = Post::all();

// UPDATE
$post = Post::find(1);
$post-&gt;title = 'Updated Hello World';
$post-&gt;save();

// DELETE
$post-&gt;delete();</code></pre>
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<h2 data-start="3009" data-end="3031">🔹 Best Practices</h2>
<p data-start="3033" data-end="3264">✅ Always use <code data-start="3046" data-end="3057">$fillable</code> or <code data-start="3061" data-end="3071">$guarded</code> to prevent mass assignment issues.<br data-start="3106" data-end="3109" />✅ Use <strong data-start="3115" data-end="3141">Eloquent relationships</strong> (hasOne, hasMany, belongsTo, etc.) for cleaner queries.<br data-start="3197" data-end="3200" />✅ Use <code data-start="3206" data-end="3214">Tinker</code> (<code data-start="3216" data-end="3236">php artisan tinker</code>) to test queries quickly.</p>

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