Route Parameters

Last modified on: September 3, 2025

<h1 data-start="121" data-end="155">🚀 Route Parameters in Laravel</h1>
<p data-start="157" data-end="377">In Laravel, <strong data-start="169" data-end="189">Route Parameters</strong> allow you to capture values from the URL and pass them into your route or controller. This is very useful when you want <strong data-start="310" data-end="326">dynamic URLs</strong> like <code data-start="332" data-end="341">/user/1</code>, <code data-start="343" data-end="353">/post/10</code>, or <code data-start="358" data-end="374">/product/shoes</code>.</p>
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<h2 data-start="384" data-end="417">🔹 1. Basic Route Parameters</h2>
<p data-start="419" data-end="470">A <strong data-start="421" data-end="444">parameterized route</strong> uses curly braces <code data-start="463" data-end="467">{}</code>.</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>// routes/web.php
Route::get('/user/{id}', function ($id) {
    return "User ID is: " . $id;
});</code></pre>
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<p data-start="581" data-end="654">✅ Visiting <code data-start="592" data-end="622">http://localhost:8000/user/5</code> &rarr; Output:<br data-start="632" data-end="635" /><strong data-start="635" data-end="652">User ID is: 5</strong></p>
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<h2 data-start="661" data-end="691">🔹 2. Multiple Parameters</h2>
<p data-start="693" data-end="735">You can pass multiple values in the URL.</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>Route::get('/post/{category}/{id}', function ($category, $id) {
    return "Post ID: $id in Category: $category";
});</code></pre>
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<p data-start="867" data-end="956">✅ Visiting <code data-start="878" data-end="915">http://localhost:8000/post/tech/101</code> &rarr;<br data-start="917" data-end="920" /><strong data-start="920" data-end="954">Post ID: 101 in Category: tech</strong></p>
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<h2 data-start="963" data-end="993">🔹 3. Optional Parameters</h2>
<p data-start="995" data-end="1078">Use <code data-start="999" data-end="1002">?</code> to make parameters <strong data-start="1022" data-end="1034">optional</strong>. Provide a default value to avoid errors.</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>Route::get('/greet/{name?}', function ($name = "Guest") {
    return "Hello, " . $name;
});</code></pre>
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<p data-start="1184" data-end="1269">✅ Visiting <code data-start="1195" data-end="1208">/greet/Amit</code> &rarr; <strong data-start="1211" data-end="1226">Hello, Amit</strong><br data-start="1226" data-end="1229" />✅ Visiting <code data-start="1240" data-end="1248">/greet</code> &rarr; <strong data-start="1251" data-end="1267">Hello, Guest</strong></p>
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<h2 data-start="1276" data-end="1317">🔹 4. Regular Expression Constraints</h2>
<p data-start="1319" data-end="1387">Laravel allows you to restrict parameters with <strong data-start="1366" data-end="1384">regex patterns</strong>.</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>Route::get('/user/{id}', function ($id) {
    return "User ID: " . $id;
})-&gt;where('id', '[0-9]+');</code></pre>
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<p data-start="1500" data-end="1568">✅ Visiting <code data-start="1511" data-end="1521">/user/15</code> &rarr; Works<br data-start="1529" data-end="1532" />❌ Visiting <code data-start="1543" data-end="1554">/user/abc</code> &rarr; 404 Error</p>
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<h2 data-start="1575" data-end="1604">🔹 5. Global Constraints</h2>
<p data-start="1606" data-end="1653">Define constraints in <code data-start="1628" data-end="1650">RouteServiceProvider</code>.</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>// app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php
public function boot()
{
    Route::pattern('id', '[0-9]+');
}</code></pre>
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<p data-start="1772" data-end="1826">Now, all <code data-start="1781" data-end="1787">{id}</code> parameters will only accept numbers.</p>
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<h2 data-start="1833" data-end="1877">🔹 6. Passing Parameters to Controllers</h2>
<p data-start="1879" data-end="1961">Instead of defining logic inside routes, you can pass parameters to controllers.</p>
<pre class="language-php"><code>use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;

Route::get('/user/{id}', [UserController::class, 'show']);</code></pre>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>// app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php
public function show($id)
{
    return "User ID from Controller: " . $id;
}</code></pre>
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<h2 data-start="2212" data-end="2247">🔹 7. Named Parameters in URLs</h2>
<p data-start="2249" data-end="2316">You can generate URLs with parameters using <strong data-start="2293" data-end="2306"><code data-start="2295" data-end="2304">route()</code></strong> helper.</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>Route::get('/profile/{id}', [UserController::class, 'profile'])-&gt;name('profile');

// In Blade template
&lt;a href="{{ route('profile', ['id' =&gt; 10]) }}"&gt;View Profile&lt;/a&gt;</code></pre>
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<p data-start="2498" data-end="2530">✅ Generates URL: <code data-start="2515" data-end="2528">/profile/10</code></p>
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<h2 data-start="2537" data-end="2567">🔹 8. Route Model Binding</h2>
<p data-start="2569" data-end="2627">Laravel automatically injects <strong data-start="2599" data-end="2609">models</strong> instead of IDs.</p>
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<pre class="language-php"><code>use App\Models\User;

Route::get('/user/{user}', function (User $user) {
    return $user-&gt;name;
});</code></pre>
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<p data-start="2742" data-end="2800">✅ Visiting <code data-start="2753" data-end="2762">/user/5</code> &rarr; Returns name of user with ID = 5.</p>
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<h1 data-start="2807" data-end="2821">📌 Summary</h1>
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<p data-start="2825" data-end="2862"><strong data-start="2825" data-end="2845">Basic Parameters</strong> &rarr; <code data-start="2848" data-end="2860">/user/{id}</code></p>
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<p data-start="2865" data-end="2906"><strong data-start="2865" data-end="2888">Optional Parameters</strong> &rarr; <code data-start="2891" data-end="2904">/user/{id?}</code></p>
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<p data-start="2909" data-end="2960"><strong data-start="2909" data-end="2924">Constraints</strong> &rarr; Restrict parameters with regex.</p>
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<p data-start="2963" data-end="3018"><strong data-start="2963" data-end="2988">Controller Parameters</strong> &rarr; Pass directly to methods.</p>
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<p data-start="3021" data-end="3080"><strong data-start="3021" data-end="3038">Model Binding</strong> &rarr; Laravel automatically injects models.</p>
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